Re: [RFC PATCH v2] fanotify, inotify, dnotify, security: add security hook for fs notifications

From: Casey Schaufler
Date: Thu Jul 18 2019 - 12:39:38 EST

On 7/18/2019 7:30 AM, Aaron Goidel wrote:
> As of now, setting watches on filesystem objects has, at most, applied a
> check for read access to the inode, and in the case of fanotify, requires
> CAP_SYS_ADMIN. No specific security hook or permission check has been
> provided to control the setting of watches. Using any of inotify, dnotify,
> or fanotify, it is possible to observe, not only write-like operations, but
> even read access to a file. Modeling the watch as being merely a read from
> the file is insufficient for the needs of SELinux. This is due to the fact
> that read access should not necessarily imply access to information about
> when another process reads from a file. Furthermore, fanotify watches grant
> more power to an application in the form of permission events. While
> notification events are solely, unidirectional (i.e. they only pass
> information to the receiving application), permission events are blocking.
> Permission events make a request to the receiving application which will
> then reply with a decision as to whether or not that action may be
> completed. This causes the issue of the watching application having the
> ability to exercise control over the triggering process. Without drawing a
> distinction within the permission check, the ability to read would imply
> the greater ability to control an application. Additionally, mount and
> superblock watches apply to all files within the same mount or superblock.
> Read access to one file should not necessarily imply the ability to watch
> all files accessed within a given mount or superblock.
>
> In order to solve these issues, a new LSM hook is implemented and has been
> placed within the system calls for marking filesystem objects with inotify,
> fanotify, and dnotify watches. These calls to the hook are placed at the
> point at which the target inode has been resolved and are provided with the
> inode, the mask of requested notification events, and the type of object on
> which the mark is being set (inode, superblock, or mount). The mask and
> mark_type have already been translated into common FS_* values shared by
> the entirety of the fs notification infrastructure.
>
> This only provides a hook at the point of setting a watch, and presumes
> that permission to set a particular watch implies the ability to receive
> all notification about that object which match the mask. This is all that
> is required for SELinux. If other security modules require additional hooks
> or infrastructure to control delivery of notification, these can be added
> by them. It does not make sense for us to propose hooks for which we have
> no implementation. The understanding that all notifications received by the
> requesting application are all strictly of a type for which the application
> has been granted permission shows that this implementation is sufficient in
> its coverage.
>
> Security modules wishing to provide complete control over fanotify must
> also implement a security_file_open hook that validates that the access
> requested by the watching application is authorized. Fanotify has the issue
> that it returns a file descriptor with the file mode specified during
> fanotify_init() to the watching process on event. This is already covered
> by the LSM security_file_open hook if the security module implements
> checking of the requested file mode there. Otherwise, a watching process
> can obtain escalated access to a file for which it has not been authorized.
>
> The selinux_inode_notify hook implementation works by adding five new file
> permissions: watch, watch_mount, watch_sb, watch_reads, and watch_with_perm
> (descriptions about which will follow), and one new filesystem permission:
> watch (which is applied to superblock checks). The hook then decides which
> subset of these permissions must be held by the requesting application
> based on the contents of the provided mask and the mark_type. The
> selinux_file_open hook already checks the requested file mode and therefore
> ensures that a watching process cannot escalate its access through
> fanotify.
>
> The watch, watch_mount, and watch_sb permissions are the baseline
> permissions for setting a watch on an object and each are a requirement for
> any watch to be set on a file, mount, or superblock respectively. It should
> be noted that having either of the other two permissions (watch_reads and
> watch_with_perm) does not imply the watch, watch_mount, or watch_sb
> permission. Superblock watches further require the filesystem watch
> permission to the superblock. As there is no labeled object in view for
> mounts, there is no specific check for mount watches beyond watch_mount to
> the inode. Such a check could be added in the future, if a suitable labeled
> object existed representing the mount.
>
> The watch_reads permission is required to receive notifications from
> read-exclusive events on filesystem objects. These events include accessing
> a file for the purpose of reading and closing a file which has been opened
> read-only. This distinction has been drawn in order to provide a direct
> indication in the policy for this otherwise not obvious capability. Read
> access to a file should not necessarily imply the ability to observe read
> events on a file.
>
> Finally, watch_with_perm only applies to fanotify masks since it is the
> only way to set a mask which allows for the blocking, permission event.
> This permission is needed for any watch which is of this type. Though
> fanotify requires CAP_SYS_ADMIN, this is insufficient as it gives implicit
> trust to root, which we do not do, and does not support least privilege.

It looks as if there may be overlap between this work and
[RFC PATCH] security, capability: pass object information to security_capable
https://www.spinics.net/lists/selinux/msg28312.html

I say this because your patch looks an awful lot like what I suggested as
the alternative to passing object information to security_capable().
It's possible that I've muddled the discussions in my brain, and that there
isn't any way to use either to do both jobs. But it would be worth a look,
and a single new hook or change to existing hook would be a Good Thing.

>
> Signed-off-by: Aaron Goidel <acgoide@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> ---
> v2:
> - Adds support for mark_type
> - Adds watch_sb and watch_mount file permissions
> - Adds watch as new filesystem permission
> - LSM hook now recieves mark_type argument
> - Changed LSM hook logic to implement checks for corresponding mark_types
> - Adds missing hook description comment
> - Fixes extrainous whitespace
> - Updates patch description based on feedback
>
> fs/notify/dnotify/dnotify.c | 14 +++++++--
> fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c | 27 +++++++++++++++--
> fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c | 13 ++++++--
> include/linux/lsm_hooks.h | 6 ++++
> include/linux/security.h | 9 +++++-
> security/security.c | 5 +++
> security/selinux/hooks.c | 47 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
> security/selinux/include/classmap.h | 5 +--
> 8 files changed, 116 insertions(+), 10 deletions(-)
>
> diff --git a/fs/notify/dnotify/dnotify.c b/fs/notify/dnotify/dnotify.c
> index 250369d6901d..4690d8a66035 100644
> --- a/fs/notify/dnotify/dnotify.c
> +++ b/fs/notify/dnotify/dnotify.c
> @@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
> #include <linux/sched/signal.h>
> #include <linux/dnotify.h>
> #include <linux/init.h>
> +#include <linux/security.h>
> #include <linux/spinlock.h>
> #include <linux/slab.h>
> #include <linux/fdtable.h>
> @@ -288,6 +289,16 @@ int fcntl_dirnotify(int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
> goto out_err;
> }
>
> + /*
> + * convert the userspace DN_* "arg" to the internal FS_*
> + * defined in fsnotify
> + */
> + mask = convert_arg(arg);
> +
> + error = security_inode_notify(inode, mask, FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE);
> + if (error)
> + goto out_err;
> +
> /* expect most fcntl to add new rather than augment old */
> dn = kmem_cache_alloc(dnotify_struct_cache, GFP_KERNEL);
> if (!dn) {
> @@ -302,9 +313,6 @@ int fcntl_dirnotify(int fd, struct file *filp, unsigned long arg)
> goto out_err;
> }
>
> - /* convert the userspace DN_* "arg" to the internal FS_* defines in fsnotify */
> - mask = convert_arg(arg);
> -
> /* set up the new_fsn_mark and new_dn_mark */
> new_fsn_mark = &new_dn_mark->fsn_mark;
> fsnotify_init_mark(new_fsn_mark, dnotify_group);
> diff --git a/fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c b/fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c
> index a90bb19dcfa2..9e3137badb6b 100644
> --- a/fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c
> +++ b/fs/notify/fanotify/fanotify_user.c
> @@ -528,9 +528,10 @@ static const struct file_operations fanotify_fops = {
> };
>
> static int fanotify_find_path(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
> - struct path *path, unsigned int flags)
> + struct path *path, unsigned int flags, __u64 mask)
> {
> int ret;
> + unsigned int mark_type;
>
> pr_debug("%s: dfd=%d filename=%p flags=%x\n", __func__,
> dfd, filename, flags);
> @@ -567,8 +568,30 @@ static int fanotify_find_path(int dfd, const char __user *filename,
>
> /* you can only watch an inode if you have read permissions on it */
> ret = inode_permission(path->dentry->d_inode, MAY_READ);
> + if (ret) {
> + path_put(path);
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + switch (flags & FANOTIFY_MARK_TYPE_BITS) {
> + case FAN_MARK_MOUNT:
> + mark_type = FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_VFSMOUNT;
> + break;
> + case FAN_MARK_FILESYSTEM:
> + mark_type = FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_SB;
> + break;
> + case FAN_MARK_INODE:
> + mark_type = FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE;
> + break;
> + default:
> + ret = -EINVAL;
> + goto out;
> + }
> +
> + ret = security_inode_notify(path->dentry->d_inode, mask, mark_type);
> if (ret)
> path_put(path);
> +
> out:
> return ret;
> }
> @@ -1014,7 +1037,7 @@ static int do_fanotify_mark(int fanotify_fd, unsigned int flags, __u64 mask,
> goto fput_and_out;
> }
>
> - ret = fanotify_find_path(dfd, pathname, &path, flags);
> + ret = fanotify_find_path(dfd, pathname, &path, flags, mask);
> if (ret)
> goto fput_and_out;
>
> diff --git a/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c b/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c
> index 7b53598c8804..73b321a30bbc 100644
> --- a/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c
> +++ b/fs/notify/inotify/inotify_user.c
> @@ -39,6 +39,7 @@
> #include <linux/poll.h>
> #include <linux/wait.h>
> #include <linux/memcontrol.h>
> +#include <linux/security.h>
>
> #include "inotify.h"
> #include "../fdinfo.h"
> @@ -342,7 +343,8 @@ static const struct file_operations inotify_fops = {
> /*
> * find_inode - resolve a user-given path to a specific inode
> */
> -static int inotify_find_inode(const char __user *dirname, struct path *path, unsigned flags)
> +static int inotify_find_inode(const char __user *dirname, struct path *path,
> + unsigned int flags, __u64 mask)
> {
> int error;
>
> @@ -351,8 +353,15 @@ static int inotify_find_inode(const char __user *dirname, struct path *path, uns
> return error;
> /* you can only watch an inode if you have read permissions on it */
> error = inode_permission(path->dentry->d_inode, MAY_READ);
> + if (error) {
> + path_put(path);
> + return error;
> + }
> + error = security_inode_notify(path->dentry->d_inode, mask,
> + FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE);
> if (error)
> path_put(path);
> +
> return error;
> }
>
> @@ -744,7 +753,7 @@ SYSCALL_DEFINE3(inotify_add_watch, int, fd, const char __user *, pathname,
> if (mask & IN_ONLYDIR)
> flags |= LOOKUP_DIRECTORY;
>
> - ret = inotify_find_inode(pathname, &path, flags);
> + ret = inotify_find_inode(pathname, &path, flags, mask);
> if (ret)
> goto fput_and_out;
>
> diff --git a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
> index 47f58cfb6a19..9b3f5a5f3246 100644
> --- a/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
> +++ b/include/linux/lsm_hooks.h
> @@ -394,6 +394,9 @@
> * Check permission before removing the extended attribute
> * identified by @name for @dentry.
> * Return 0 if permission is granted.
> + * @inode_notify:
> + * Check permissions before setting a watch on events as defined by @mask,
> + * on an object @inode, whose type is defined by @mark_type.
> * @inode_getsecurity:
> * Retrieve a copy of the extended attribute representation of the
> * security label associated with @name for @inode via @buffer. Note that
> @@ -1571,6 +1574,8 @@ union security_list_options {
> int (*inode_getxattr)(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name);
> int (*inode_listxattr)(struct dentry *dentry);
> int (*inode_removexattr)(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name);
> + int (*inode_notify)(struct inode *inode, u64 mask,
> + unsigned int mark_type);
> int (*inode_need_killpriv)(struct dentry *dentry);
> int (*inode_killpriv)(struct dentry *dentry);
> int (*inode_getsecurity)(struct inode *inode, const char *name,
> @@ -1881,6 +1886,7 @@ struct security_hook_heads {
> struct hlist_head inode_getxattr;
> struct hlist_head inode_listxattr;
> struct hlist_head inode_removexattr;
> + struct hlist_head inode_notify;
> struct hlist_head inode_need_killpriv;
> struct hlist_head inode_killpriv;
> struct hlist_head inode_getsecurity;
> diff --git a/include/linux/security.h b/include/linux/security.h
> index 659071c2e57c..b12666513138 100644
> --- a/include/linux/security.h
> +++ b/include/linux/security.h
> @@ -301,6 +301,8 @@ int security_inode_listsecurity(struct inode *inode, char *buffer, size_t buffer
> void security_inode_getsecid(struct inode *inode, u32 *secid);
> int security_inode_copy_up(struct dentry *src, struct cred **new);
> int security_inode_copy_up_xattr(const char *name);
> +int security_inode_notify(struct inode *inode, u64 mask,
> + unsigned int mark_type);
> int security_kernfs_init_security(struct kernfs_node *kn_dir,
> struct kernfs_node *kn);
> int security_file_permission(struct file *file, int mask);
> @@ -387,7 +389,6 @@ int security_ismaclabel(const char *name);
> int security_secid_to_secctx(u32 secid, char **secdata, u32 *seclen);
> int security_secctx_to_secid(const char *secdata, u32 seclen, u32 *secid);
> void security_release_secctx(char *secdata, u32 seclen);
> -
> void security_inode_invalidate_secctx(struct inode *inode);
> int security_inode_notifysecctx(struct inode *inode, void *ctx, u32 ctxlen);
> int security_inode_setsecctx(struct dentry *dentry, void *ctx, u32 ctxlen);
> @@ -776,6 +777,12 @@ static inline int security_inode_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry,
> return cap_inode_removexattr(dentry, name);
> }
>
> +static inline int security_inode_notify(struct inode *inode, u64 mask,
> + unsigned int mark_type)
> +{
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> static inline int security_inode_need_killpriv(struct dentry *dentry)
> {
> return cap_inode_need_killpriv(dentry);
> diff --git a/security/security.c b/security/security.c
> index 613a5c00e602..bc30e201c137 100644
> --- a/security/security.c
> +++ b/security/security.c
> @@ -1251,6 +1251,11 @@ int security_inode_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
> return evm_inode_removexattr(dentry, name);
> }
>
> +int security_inode_notify(struct inode *inode, u64 mask, unsigned int mark_type)
> +{
> + return call_int_hook(inode_notify, 0, inode, mask, mark_type);
> +}
> +
> int security_inode_need_killpriv(struct dentry *dentry)
> {
> return call_int_hook(inode_need_killpriv, 0, dentry);
> diff --git a/security/selinux/hooks.c b/security/selinux/hooks.c
> index c61787b15f27..c967e46a34ea 100644
> --- a/security/selinux/hooks.c
> +++ b/security/selinux/hooks.c
> @@ -92,6 +92,8 @@
> #include <linux/kernfs.h>
> #include <linux/stringhash.h> /* for hashlen_string() */
> #include <uapi/linux/mount.h>
> +#include <linux/fsnotify.h>
> +#include <linux/fanotify.h>
>
> #include "avc.h"
> #include "objsec.h"
> @@ -3261,6 +3263,50 @@ static int selinux_inode_removexattr(struct dentry *dentry, const char *name)
> return -EACCES;
> }
>
> +static int selinux_inode_notify(struct inode *inode, u64 mask,
> + unsigned int mark_type)
> +{
> + int ret;
> + u32 perm;
> +
> + struct common_audit_data ad;
> +
> + ad.type = LSM_AUDIT_DATA_INODE;
> + ad.u.inode = inode;
> +
> + /*
> + * Set permission needed based on the type of mark being set.
> + * Performs an additional check for sb watches.
> + */
> + switch (mark_type) {
> + case FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_VFSMOUNT:
> + perm = FILE__WATCH_MOUNT;
> + break;
> + case FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_SB:
> + perm = FILE__WATCH_SB;
> + ret = superblock_has_perm(current_cred(), inode->i_sb,
> + FILESYSTEM__WATCH, &ad);
> + if (ret)
> + return ret;
> + break;
> + case FSNOTIFY_OBJ_TYPE_INODE:
> + perm = FILE__WATCH;
> + break;
> + default:
> + return -EINVAL;
> + }
> +
> + // check if the mask is requesting ability to set a blocking watch
> + if (mask & (ALL_FSNOTIFY_PERM_EVENTS))
> + perm |= FILE__WATCH_WITH_PERM; // if so, check that permission
> +
> + // is the mask asking to watch file reads?
> + if (mask & (FS_ACCESS | FS_ACCESS_PERM | FS_CLOSE_NOWRITE))
> + perm |= FILE__WATCH_READS; // check that permission as well
> +
> + return inode_has_perm(current_cred(), inode, perm, &ad);
> +}
> +
> /*
> * Copy the inode security context value to the user.
> *
> @@ -6797,6 +6843,7 @@ static struct security_hook_list selinux_hooks[] __lsm_ro_after_init = {
> LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_getsecid, selinux_inode_getsecid),
> LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_copy_up, selinux_inode_copy_up),
> LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_copy_up_xattr, selinux_inode_copy_up_xattr),
> + LSM_HOOK_INIT(inode_notify, selinux_inode_notify),
>
> LSM_HOOK_INIT(kernfs_init_security, selinux_kernfs_init_security),
>
> diff --git a/security/selinux/include/classmap.h b/security/selinux/include/classmap.h
> index 201f7e588a29..32e9b03be3dd 100644
> --- a/security/selinux/include/classmap.h
> +++ b/security/selinux/include/classmap.h
> @@ -7,7 +7,8 @@
>
> #define COMMON_FILE_PERMS COMMON_FILE_SOCK_PERMS, "unlink", "link", \
> "rename", "execute", "quotaon", "mounton", "audit_access", \
> - "open", "execmod"
> + "open", "execmod", "watch", "watch_mount", "watch_sb", \
> + "watch_with_perm", "watch_reads"
>
> #define COMMON_SOCK_PERMS COMMON_FILE_SOCK_PERMS, "bind", "connect", \
> "listen", "accept", "getopt", "setopt", "shutdown", "recvfrom", \
> @@ -60,7 +61,7 @@ struct security_class_mapping secclass_map[] = {
> { "filesystem",
> { "mount", "remount", "unmount", "getattr",
> "relabelfrom", "relabelto", "associate", "quotamod",
> - "quotaget", NULL } },
> + "quotaget", "watch", NULL } },
> { "file",
> { COMMON_FILE_PERMS,
> "execute_no_trans", "entrypoint", NULL } },